Biometric Data Protection in Human Rights Perspective: Analysis Based on the UN Charter and International Conventions

Abstract

Background: In the digital era, biometric data has become essential for security, healthcare, and banking, offering a secure alternative to traditional identification methods. Despite its advantages, biometric data poses significant privacy and personal data protection risks due to its unique and permanent nature.

Methodology: This research employs a qualitative approach with document analysis as the primary method. The study reviews literature, policies, and regulations from various countries known for best practices in biometric data protection.

Objectives: The primary objective is to analyze the protection of biometric data from a human rights perspective, grounded in the UN Charter and other international conventions. The study aims to identify relevant human rights principles applicable to biometric data protection, evaluate current regulations, and address contemporary challenges.

Findings: The research highlights that while international frameworks like the GDPR provide robust legal structures for data protection, effective implementation remains a challenge. Key issues include cybersecurity threats, misuse of biometric data, and mass surveillance. Case studies from countries like India, the EU, Canada, and Singapore show varied approaches to regulation and enforcement, emphasizing the need for stringent oversight and compliance mechanisms.

Originality/Novelty: This study fills a gap in the literature by focusing on biometric data protection from a human rights perspective, specifically examining how principles from the UN Charter and international conventions can be applied. The research provides comprehensive insights into integrating human rights principles with biometric data protection, ensuring the technology's use does not infringe on individual privacy or lead to discrimination.